Responsable : F. Morain.

Taught in Period 2: see below

Thursday evenings from 16h15 to 19h15 (was supposed to be in Bâtiment Sophie Germain (P7), salle 1013), will take place via big blue button (or zoom in case this does not work). We are going to use a mathematical system for trying algorithms. If you don't a favorite one, try to install SAGE or Pari-GP. Also, we started a slack channel for the course, for which you should have received an invitation. More details will be available soon.

Conditions of the exam: this thursday march 4; schedule as usual from 4.15pm to 7.15pm; we stay tuned on slack to answer questions. At the end, we want you to send us a pdf file containing your answers. Anything turned into pdf will be ok, later on text.

This course aims to present the concepts and tools of modern number-theoretic public-key cryptography, whose mathematical building blocks are finite fields and algebraic curves (elliptic and hyperelliptic). We consider not only contemporary discrete-logarithm-based cryptosystems, but also newer isogeny-based cryptosystems designed to resist quantum attacks. This course also forms an introduction to algorithmic number theory, an alliance of classical number theory with algorithms and complexity theory, with applications in cryptography.

This course forms a solid introduction to contemporary crypto when taken together with the other MPRI cryptography courses, including 2-12-1, 2-13-1, 2-13-2, and 2-30.

The course is split into two parts:

The second part of the course is an introduction to contemporary elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC), including hyperelliptic cryptosystems and pairings. It also describes a new generation of isogeny-based cryptosystems, which are designed to resist attacks by quantum algorithms. After describing the basic properties and arithmetic of elliptic curves, we consider the current state-of-the-art in elliptic-curve cryptographic primitives. This requires a study of basic algorithms including efficient arithmetic, point-counting, and the hardness of the discrete logarithm problem, as well as deeper problems like the computation of isogenies and the navigation of isogeny graphs. We also give an introduction to cryptographic pairings, used in many more advanced cryptosystems.

We assume that students have already followed an introductory course in cryptography, and are familiar with modular arithmetic and finite fields. No prior knowledge of algebraic curves is assumed.

These prerequisites are not specific to cryptography, and are already essentially included in the list of general prerequisites for MPRI.

Students must be familiar with complexity classes, Turing machines, and NP problems. Basic notions in algebra and probability are also required, together with a mastery of common foundational algorithms.

F. Morain donne sa partie du cours en français ou en anglais suivant la demande (english on request).

B. Smith will teach in English.

All course materials (documentation and slides) will be given in English.

• A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot, S. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press.
• J. von zur Gathen, J. Gehrard, Modern Computer Algebra, Cambridge University press, 1999, seconde édition 2003.
• V. Shoup, A Computational Introduction to Number Theory and Algebra, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 2nd ed. 2008.
• R. P. Brent, P. Zimmermann, Modern Computer Arithmetic, manuscrit en préparation, disponible en ligne.
• G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An introduction to the theory of numbers, Clarendon Press, 5th edition, 1985.
• D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming: Seminumerical Algorithms, Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 1981.
• H. Cohen, A course in computational algebraic number theory, volume 138 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer–Verlag, 1996.
• P. Ribenboim, The new book of prime number records, Springer-Verlag, 1996.
• R. Crandall and C. Pomerance, Primes – A Computational Perspective, Springer Verlag, 2000.
• F. Morain, La primalité en temps polynomial (d'après Adleman, Huang; Agrawal, Kayal, Saxena), S\'eminaire Bourbaki, Mars 2003.
• H. Riesel, Prime numbers and computational methods for factorization, Progress in Mathematics, 57. Birkhauser 1985.

See the reference list.

There will be one final exam, on paper. Documents and course notes are authorised; calculators and electronic devices are not.

Examen 2011-2012 Examen 2012-2013 Examen 2013-2014 Midterm Exam 2018